This book examines governance reforms in higher education in six European countries: Austria, Denmark, Finland, France, the Netherlands, and Portugal. It focuses in particular on the governance of the systems and institutions in these countries. The book shows that each of the national reform processes has been characterised by its own specific pathways embedded in the countrys specific socio-economic contexts and cultures, but also has a number of features in common with the other countries and processes. The first chapter of the book presents a conceptual framework to analyse the reform processes as an implementation game played by several actors with diverse interests. The second chapter describes the national reform processes of the six selected countries, giving a voice to the individual university rectors and officials who played an important role during the reform processes. Their stories constitute a vivid narrative of the government drivers of reform and of the rationales of the institutions as main partners in the reform processes. These narratives are analysed, complemented by, and contrasted with a review of the literature on the subject in the third chapter. The final chapter consist of concluding remarks and lessons learned.

Foreword.- Preface.- 1. Introduction.- 2. National reform processes: examples of six European countries.- 2.1 Recent reforms of Austrian universities.- 2.2. Opportunities for change university reforms in Denmark.- 2.3 Structural reforms in the Finnish higher education system.- 2.4 Clustering higher education and research entities in France     .- 2.5 Early breakthrough reform in the Netherlands.- 2.6 Structural reforms in the Portuguese university systems.- 3. Governance reforms from a European Perspective.- 3.1 Implementation processes.- 3.2  Changes in university governance.- 3.3 Changes in the environment.- 3.4 Evaluating the reforms.- 4. Concluding remarks.