The relationship between religion, social structures and political institutions has always played a fundamental role in human societies. This collection of essays aims to explore possible ways in which philosophical conceptualizations of god, the gods, and the divine in the ancient world interact with traditional religious practices and institutions, as well as with non-philosophical images of the divine. It spans from the rationalization of the divine by early Greek philosophers to the notion of toleration one may find in Augustine. It will be valuable to readers interested in intellectual history, political theory, history of religion and classics. With contributions by Sylvana V. Chrysakopoulou - Francesca Eustacchi - Silvia Gastaldi - Giovanni Giorgini - Christoph Horn - Elena Irrera - Jakub Jinek - Manuel Knoll - Maria Liatsi - Francisco L. Lisi - Alberto Maffi - Maurizio Migliori - Josef Moural - Nurdane Simsek - Bernat Torres - Denis Walter